珠江三角洲大暴雨的多普勒特征及形成机制

利用广州CINRAD-SA新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,结合天气形势分析,研究了华南地区夏季短时大暴雨的发生、发展过程,特别是中小尺度系统引发短时大暴雨不同发展阶段的多普勒特征以及辐合强度与短时大暴雨的关系,并对短时大暴雨的发展机制进行了初步探讨.通过分析发现,短时大暴雨产生于低空强盛西南气流等有利条件下,近地层雨区附近的气旋式扰动有利于激发对流,抽吸作用、局地锋生对对流的维持和加强起到了十分重要的作用.在短时大暴雨发生初期及发展旺盛期,大多数都伴有逆风区、辐合带等多普勒特征,中气旋更是与高强度降水、地面强风等剧烈天气密切相关.     

一次飑线过程的全闪活动特征分析

结合VLF/LF全闪定位系统、多普勒天气雷达、探空资料,对2013年7月5日江苏地区一次典型飑线过程的全闪活动特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:云地闪比的下降、上升预示着飑线过程中雷暴的加强、减弱;云闪主要分布在4~8 km高度,云闪频数最大值出现在5 km处;结合云闪变化情况和探空资料推测雷暴云内电荷为三极性电荷结构;对流区的闪电密度远大于层状云区。相比于正地闪,负地闪集中在雷达回波的强对流区。云闪发生位置更具随机性,易发生在弱回波区和层状云区;闪电的发生与云顶高度有很高的相关性,云闪发生位置与剖面反射率因子中强回波区的发展有很好的一致性。     

激光光散射在混凝研究中的应用评述

混凝研究的理论与实践近三十年来得到长足的发展,很大的原因在于现代检测技术与手段的大力运用,激光光散射为其中得力的方法之一。本文对其基本操作原理作了简要介绍,并对测定过程中存在的若干问题作了探讨。然后就其在混凝领域中诸层次的研究现状与发展趋势进行了若干概括。本文试图阐明其应用于混凝领域的研究所具有的巨大潜力及困难与局限所在,以期将来更大的进展     

基于地球物理方法的典型DNAPLs污染场地精细化调查

采用高密度电阻率(ERT)和探地雷达(GPR)两种地球物理方法,结合膜界面探测(MIP)和钻孔采样分析手段,综合研究某典型有机污染场地地下水中DNAPLs污染分布情况.结果表明,ERT法和GPR法圈定的场地污染范围基本吻合,DNAPLs污染物主要分布在研究区东北和西南区域,污染深度分别达到4 m和9 m,视电阻率为0.3 Ω·m～5 Ω·m,呈带状低阻分布,MIP和钻孔采样分析结果也验证了地球物理方法的准确性.     

不同烟气含湿量测量方法比较与分析

探讨准确测量烟气含湿量的方法,采用干湿球法、重量法、阻容法、激光法同步比对测量典型温湿度污染源烟气的含湿量,通过监测结果分析,提出了不同测量方法在实际烟气测量中的准确性和适用性,为准确、规范测定烟气含湿量提供技术依据。     

Size distributions of manure particles released under simulated rainfall

Manure and animal waste deposited on cropland and grazing lands serve as a source of microorganisms, some of which may be pathogenic. These microorganisms are released along with particles of dissolved manure during rainfall events. Relatively little if anything is known about the amounts and sizes of manure particles released during rainfall, that subsequently may serve as carriers, abode, and nutritional source for microorganisms. The objective of this work was to obtain and present the first experimental data on sizes of bovine manure particles released to runoff during simulated rainfall and leached through soil during subsequent infiltration. Experiments were conducted using 200 cm long boxes containing turfgrass soil sod; the boxes were designed so that rates of manure dissolution and subsequent infiltration and runoff could be monitored independently. Dairy manure was applied on the upper portion of boxes. Simulated rainfall (ca. 32.4 mm h(-1)) was applied for 90 min on boxes with stands of either live or dead grass. Electrical conductivity, turbidity, and particle size distributions obtained from laser diffractometry were determined in manure runoff and soil leachate samples. Turbidity of leachates and manure runoff samples decreased exponentially. Turbidity of manure runoff samples was on average 20% less than turbidity of soil leachate samples. Turbidity of leachate samples from boxes with dead grass was on average 30% less than from boxes with live grass. Particle size distributions in manure runoff and leachate suspensions remained remarkably stable after 15 min of runoff initiation, although the turbidity continued to decrease. Particles had the median diameter of 3.8 microm, and 90% of particles were between 0.6 and 17.8 microm. The particle size distributions were not affected by the grass status. Because manure particles are known to affect transport and retention of microbial pathogens in soil, more information needs to be collected about the concurrent release of pathogens and manure particles during rainfall events.     

尾矿库初期坝稳定性的合成孔径雷达干涉变形检测与流固耦合数值模拟分析

某尾矿库初期坝采用分段施工,可能产生不均匀沉降,影响坝体的稳定性。采用孔径雷达干涉技术对尾矿库初期坝进行了短期变形速率观测,得出坝体右侧的后期填筑区域整体上与主体仍能够基本保持同步沉降。建立了三维流固耦合模型,分析了尾矿库初期坝的静力稳定性和渗流稳定性,结果表明:初期坝体的水平位移和竖向位移都在安全范围之内,考虑水和尾砂的共同作用,后期堆积坝堆积至1765m高程时,坝体顶部和后期回填区域,存在小量位移变形,静态稳定性安全系数达到2.25,初期坝能够保持稳定。     

3D可视化石化装置安全管理系统的开发

本文介绍了3D可视化石化装置安全管理系统构成、功能和实验途径，该系统将三维激光扫描和GIS技术运用于石化行业，通过数据处理建立石化装置测绘级精度、全尺寸、全真实体的三维数字模型，并通过添加GIS信息和设备属性信息，实现石化装置5D可视化管理、分层管理、设备检维修和施工改造模拟、事故影响范围及应急救援最佳路径模拟、工作人员仿真培训等安全管理模块，为石化企业设备管理提供了新的技术平台。     

Experimental Investigation on the Removal of Toner Particles from Laser-Printed Office Waste Papers

Abstract

In this work the deinking process was simulated in a small high speed blender of about 2 L capacity. The effects of polyethylene (PE) and wax-coated PE on the removal of toner particles in the pulper slurry has been experimentally investigated. The effect of one commercial surfactant (30% anionic, 5% nonionic) on the toner release efficiency was also studied. The average area of toner particles retained on filter papers were determined using an image analysis system that consists of a high-resolution video camera mounted on an optical polarizing microscope, an image software processor, a Pentium PC, and a high-resolution image monitor. The effect of low density PE on toner detachment from laser-printed standard paper was investigated over a concentration range of 0 –200% PE (relative to paper mass). It is found that PE has a certain capabilty of removing (adsorbing) toner particles. In the second phase of this research work, the effect of wax-coated PE was investigated. It was found that wax-coated PE enhances the removal of toner particles beyond that obtained using only PE. Finally, the effect of a commercial surfactant on the release of toner particles have been investigated over a range of surfactant mass percentage (relative to the paper mass).     

基于视频技术的地点车速测定新方法

基于MPEG视频压缩技术的基本原理,提出了一种地点车速测定的新方法.该方法克服了雷达测速对测速角度要求苛刻、干扰正常行车而导致测量误差大的问题.借助普通的VTR录像机拍摄行车录像,应用视频处理软件VirtualDub,人工判读获取车辆接触两固定检测线的时间间隔,即可近似计算获得地点车速.实际应用中可通过调整两检测线的间距,来满足测速精度的要求.笔者还通过现场行车实验采集车速数据,进行了视频测速法与雷达测速法测速精度对比分析.